Redirecting gaze to improve the cosmetic appearance of strabismus.

Purpose: We studied a behavioral technique in which strabismics can reduce the detectability of their eye turn by appropriately redirecting their gaze. We tested the efficacy of this technique for various amounts of strabismus and different positions of gaze.

Methods: We took digital images of a model gazing in different lateral directions and digitally edited them to simulate fixation with one eye on different lateral locations whereas the other eye was misaligned from the first by +/-0, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 Delta.

Changes in aerobic power of women, ages 20-64 yr.

This study quantified and compared the cross-sectional and longitudinal influence of age, self-report physical activity (SR-PA), and body composition (%fat) on the decline of maximal aerobic power (VO2peak) of women. The cross-sectional sample consisted of 409 healthy women, ages 20-64 yr. The 43 women of the longitudinal sample were from the same population and examined twice, the mean time between tests was 3.

Changes in aerobic power of men, ages 25-70 yr.

This study quantified and compared the cross-sectional and longitudinal influence of age, self-report physical activity (SR-PA), and body composition (%fat) on the decline of maximal aerobic power (VO2peak). The cross-sectional sample consisted of 1,499 healthy men ages 25-70 yr. The 156 men of the longitudinal sample were from the same population and examined twice, the mean time between tests was 4.

Prediction of functional aerobic capacity without exercise testing.

The purpose of this study was to develop functional aerobic capacity prediction models without using exercise tests (N-Ex) and to compare the accuracy with Astrand single-stage submaximal prediction methods. The data of 2,009 subjects (9.7% female) were randomly divided into validation (N = 1,543) and cross-validation (N = 466) samples.