Exploring the Maximum Potential of Initiating Ability in Metal-Free Primary Explosives.

Lead azide (LA) is a widely utilized primary explosive, serving as the initiating charge in blasting caps or detonators to start the detonation process of secondary explosives. The toxicity and environmental concerns associated with LA have led to regulatory restrictions and increased scrutiny, prompting the search for lead-free alternatives. LA is highly sensitive toward heat, shock, or friction, which poses safety challenges during manufacturing, handling, and storage.

Tailoring the Energetic Properties of Pyrazole Hybrids through Functionalization with Dinitromethyl and -Hydroxytetrazole.

The functionalization of pyrazole-based compounds with dinitromethyl and -hydroxytetrazole groups resulted in enhanced energetic properties. Two key compounds, 5-(dinitromethyl)-3,4-dinitro-1-pyrazole () and 5-(3,4-dinitro-1-pyrazol-5-yl)-1-tetrazol-1-ol (), along with their salts, were synthesized and evaluated for their energetic properties. Notably, the bishydroxylammonium salts (: 8778 m·s; : 33.

Thinking Outside the Energetic Box: Stabilizing and Greening High-Energy Materials with Reticular Chemistry.

ConspectusReticular chemistry has provided intriguing opportunities for systematically designing porous materials with different pores by adjusting the building blocks. Among them, framework materials have demonstrated outstanding performance for the design of new functional materials used in a broad range of fields, including energetic materials. Energetic materials are widely used for rockets, satellites, mining, and tunneling.

Energetic derivatives substituted with trinitrophenyl: improving the sensitivity of explosives.

The incorporation of trinitrophenyl-modified 1,3,4-oxadiazole fragments is commonly observed in high-energy molecules with heat-resistant properties. This study explores the strategy of developing heat-resistant energetic materials by incorporating trinitrophenyl and an azo group into 1,3,4-oxadiazole, which involved the synthesis and characterization of ()-1,2-bis(5-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)diazene (2), -(5-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)nitramide (3), and the energetic salts of 3. Characterization techniques employed included H and C NMR, IR and elemental analysis.

Understanding the Stability of Highly Nitrated Sensitive Pyrazole Isomers.

Two energetic isomers of chemically unstable 3,5-bis(dinitromethyl)-4-nitro-1-pyrazole (), namely, 4-methyl-3,5-dinitro-1-(trinitromethyl)-1-pyrazole () and 5-methyl-3,4-dinitro-1-(trinitromethyl)-1-pyrazole (), each containing five nitro groups and having the same chemical composition, exhibit major differences in their physiochemical properties. These include density, enthalpy of formation, temperature of decomposition, and sensitivity to impact and friction. Notably, both isomer and isomer demonstrate superior thermal stability compared to isomer , making them promising candidates as safer energetic materials.