Improving nitrofurantoin resistance prediction in from whole-genome sequence by integrating NfsA/B enzyme assays.

Nitrofurantoin resistance in is primarily caused by mutations damaging two enzymes, NfsA and NfsB. Studies based on small isolate collections with defined nitrofurantoin MICs have found significant random genetic drift in and , making it extremely difficult to predict nitrofurantoin resistance from whole-genome sequence (WGS) where both genes are not obviously disrupted by nonsense or frameshift mutations or insertional inactivation. Here, we report a WGS survey of 200 -negative from community urine samples, of which 34 were nitrofurantoin resistant.

One health transmission of fluoroquinolone-resistant and risk factors for their excretion by dogs living in urban and nearby rural settings.

Rates of fluoroquinolone resistance in , a key opportunistic human pathogen, are problematic. Taking a One Health approach, we investigated the excretion of fluoroquinolone-resistant (FQ-R) by 600 dogs (303 from rural and 297 from urban environments) recruited from a 50 × 50 km region where we have also surveyed FQ-R from cattle and from human urine. FQ-R were detected in faeces from 7.

Molecular ecology of highest priority critically important antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli from mammals housed at an urban zoo.

Objectives: Zoos are environments where species of highly valued animals are kept largely separated from others and the wider world. We report the molecular ecology of critically important antibiotic resistant (ABR) Escherichia coli carried by 28 mammalian species housed in a zoo located in an urban residential district.

Methods: Over 3 months we collected 167 faecal samples from captive mammals and processed for E.

Molecular ecology and risk factors for third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli carriage by dogs living in urban and nearby rural settings.

Objectives: To compare faecal third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GC-R) Escherichia coli isolates from dogs living in a city and in a rural area ∼30 km away; to compare isolates from dogs, cattle and humans in these regions; and to determine risk factors associated with 3GC-R E. coli carriage in these two cohorts of dogs.

Methods: Six hundred dogs were included, with faecal samples processed to recover 3GC-R E.