Fraudulent Participation in Online Qualitative Studies: Practical Recommendations on an Emerging Phenomenon.

Fraudulent participation is defined in the following as participation in research by individuals who, for one reason or another, intentionally provide false responses. Qualitative studies are at an increased risk of fraudulent participation when online recruitment and participation are used, and monetary incentives offered. Fraudulent participation threatens data quality and subsequent evidence-based practice, yet validated guidance on how to tackle it is lacking.

Online tree-based planning for active spacecraft fault estimation and collision avoidance.

Autonomous robots operating in uncertain or hazardous environments subject to state safety constraints must be able to identify and isolate faulty components in a time-optimal manner. When the underlying fault is ambiguous and intertwined with the robot's state estimation, motion plans that discriminate between simultaneous actuator and sensor faults are necessary. However, the coupled fault mode and physical state uncertainty creates a constrained optimization problem that is challenging to solve with existing methods.

Development of the Commercial Manufacturing Process for Nirmatrelvir in 17 Months.

The advancement of nirmatrelvir, the active ingredient in Paxlovid, from discovery to emergency use authorization was achieved in just 17 months, requiring an unprecedented rate of chemical process development.