Publications by authors named "J E Orr"
Background: Reduced forced vital capacity (FVC) is associated with morbidity and mortality in individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is often prescribed for the treatment of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), and chronic respiratory insufficiency. Despite the common practice of initiating NIV later in the progression of DMD, the factors influencing FVC subsequent to the commencement of NIV remain unclear.
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- Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is primarily prescribed for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), but many patients still experience respiratory issues or need higher pressures during treatment.
- The study aimed to create predictive models to better forecast CPAP outcomes using both clinical and physiological data, comparing traditional regression methods to more advanced machine learning techniques.
- Results showed that machine learning models, particularly random forest methods that included physiological traits, significantly outperformed traditional regression models in predicting residual apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), highlighting the importance of using diverse data for more accurate predictions in OSA therapy.
Background: Newly qualified veterinarians are expected to attend emergencies, for example, cow calving, but their clinical exposure to these scenarios before graduation may be limited. This study aimed to investigate what affects veterinary students' confidence and attitudes regarding calving cows.
Methods: Paper questionnaires were distributed to veterinary students in their third (n = 240, 2016/2017 and 2017/2018) and fourth years (n = 347, 2016/2017, 2017/2018 and 2018/2019) at one UK university to ascertain their demographic data, confidence regarding calving cows (rated on a scale from 1 to 5) and their concerns and suggestions for improving their confidence.
Cognitive flexibility, the brain's ability to adjust to changes in the environment, is a critical component of executive functioning. Previous literature shows a robust relationship between reward dynamics and flexibility: flexibility is highest when reward changes, while flexibility decreases when reward remains stable. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of uncertain reward in a voluntary task switching paradigm on behavior, pupillometry, and eye gaze.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMany Andean highlanders exposed to chronic hypoxemia are susceptible to excessive erythrocytosis (EE) and chronic mountain sickness (CMS). Nocturnal hypoxemia is more marked than diurnal hypoxemia and includes sustained and intermittent components. The potential for cognitive impairments related to nocturnal hypoxemia in this population has not been extensively studied, but improved understanding may provide opportunities for the prevention of long-term effects of EE and CMS.
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