Real-world pharmacogenetics of statin intolerance: effects of SLCO1B1, ABCG2 , and CYP2C9 variants.

Objective: The association of SLCO1B1 c.521T>C with simvastatin-induced muscle toxicity is well characterized. However, different statins are subject to metabolism and transport also by other proteins exhibiting clinically meaningful genetic variation.

How to reach optimal estimates of confidence intervals in microscopic counting of phytoplankton?

Present practices in the microscopic counting of phytoplankton to estimate the reliability of results rely on the assumption of a random distribution of taxa in sample preparations. In contrast to that and in agreement with the literature, we show that aggregated distribution is common and can lead to over-optimistic confidence intervals, if estimated according to the shortcut procedure of Lund based on the number of counted cells. We found a good linear correlation between the distribution independent confidence intervals for medians and those for parametric statistics so that 95% confidence intervals can be approximated by using a correction factor of 1.

A biomarker panel predicts recurrence-free survival in ulcerated primary cutaneous melanoma.

Background: Ulceration is an independent adverse prognostic factor in cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM). There is, however, a need for additional prognostic markers to identify patients with ulcerated stage I-II CMM who have a high-risk for recurrence. The aim of this study was to examine the prognostic impact of mutation, proliferation and presence of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in primary ulcerated CMM.

Febuxostat, But Not Allopurinol, Markedly Raises the Plasma Concentrations of the Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Substrate Rosuvastatin.

Xanthine oxidase inhibitors febuxostat and allopurinol are commonly used in the treatment of gout. Febuxostat inhibits the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) in vitro. Rosuvastatin is a BCRP substrate and genetic variability in BCRP markedly affects rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics.

A comparison between floc morphology and the effluent clarity at a full-scale activated sludge plant using optical monitoring.

A charge-coupled device camera was used for the optical monitoring of activated sludge flocs and filaments, and the image analysis results were compared with the effluent clarity at a full-scale activated sludge plant during a three-month period. The study included a maintenance stoppage at the wastewater treatment plant, which was followed by a settling problem. Thus, the study presents the development of floc morphology from poor flocculation to good flocculation.