Automated Quantification of Retinopathy of Prematurity Stage via Ultrawidefield OCT.

Purpose: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) stage is defined by the visual appearance of the vascular-avascular border, which reflects a spectrum of pathologic neurovascular tissue (NVT). Previous work demonstrated that the thickness of the ridge lesion, measured using OCT, corresponds to higher clinical diagnosis of stage. This study evaluates whether the volume of anomalous NVT (ANVTV), defined as abnormal tissue protruding from the regular contour of the retina, can be measured automatically using deep learning to develop quantitative OCT-based biomarkers in ROP.

Multimodal Deep Learning for Differentiating Bacterial and Fungal Keratitis Using Prospective Representative Data.

Objective: This study develops and evaluates multimodal machine learning models for differentiating bacterial and fungal keratitis using a prospective representative dataset from South India.

Design: Machine learning classifier training and validation study.

Participants: Five hundred ninety-nine subjects diagnosed with acute infectious keratitis at Aravind Eye Hospital in Madurai, India.

A novel, multi-component contingency management intervention in the context of a syndemic of drug-related harms in Glasgow, Scotland: First year of the 'WAND' initiative.

Background: To address high levels of drug-related harms among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Glasgow, a novel contingency management intervention was developed to engage high-risk PWID with four harm reduction measures (known as the WAND initiative: ound care, ssessment of injecting, aloxone, and ried blood-spot test). Our aims were to assess if WAND engaged and re-engaged high-risk PWID.

Methods: Baseline data of WAND participants (n = 831) from 1st Sept-2020 to 30th Aug-2021 were analysed.

An Overview of the Skin Microbiome, the Potential for Pathogen Shift, and Dysbiosis in Common Skin Pathologies.

Recent interest in the diverse ecosystem of bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses that make up the skin microbiome has led to several studies investigating the microbiome in healthy skin and in a variety of dermatological conditions. An imbalance of the normal skin flora can cause some skin diseases, and current culture techniques are often unable to detect a microorganism to further our understanding of the clinical-microbiological correlates of disease and dysbiosis. Atopic dermatitis and rosacea are presentations that GPs often manage that may have an infective or microbiological component and can be challenging to treat.

Characteristics of children and adolescents with multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis and their association with treatment outcomes: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.

Background: There are few data on the treatment of children and adolescents with multidrug-resistant (MDR) or rifampicin-resistant (RR) tuberculosis, especially with more recently available drugs and regimens. We aimed to describe the clinical and treatment characteristics and their associations with treatment outcomes in this susceptible population.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.