Estimated Vaccine Effectiveness for Pediatric Patients With Severe Influenza, 2015-2020.

Importance: Increasing the understanding of vaccine effectiveness (VE) against levels of severe influenza in children could help increase uptake of influenza vaccination and strengthen vaccine policies globally.

Objective: To investigate VE in children by severity of influenza illness.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This case-control study with a test-negative design used data from 8 participating medical centers located in geographically different US states in the New Vaccine Surveillance Network from November 6, 2015, through April 8, 2020.

Light-Activatable Ubiquitin for Studying Linkage-Specific Ubiquitin Chain Formation Kinetics.

Ubiquitination is a dynamic post-translational modification governing protein abundance, function, and localization in eukaryotes. The Ubiquitin protein is conjugated to lysine residues of target proteins, but can also repeatedly be ubiquitinated itself, giving rise to a complex code of ubiquitin chains with different linkage types. To enable studying the cellular dynamics of linkage-specific ubiquitination, light-activatable polyubiquitin chain formation is reported here.

Antiviral Use Among Children Hospitalized With Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza Illness: A Prospective, Multicenter Surveillance Study.

Background: Guidelines state that all hospitalized children with suspected or confirmed influenza receive prompt treatment with influenza-specific antivirals. We sought to determine the frequency of, and factors associated with, antiviral receipt among hospitalized children.

Methods: We conducted active surveillance of children presenting with fever or respiratory symptoms from 1 December 2016 to 31 March 2020 at 7 pediatric medical centers in the New Vaccine Surveillance Network.

Embracing Professionalism to Cultivate Vaccine Positivity and Reduce Vaccine Hesitancy.

Fueled by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, vaccine hesitancy has become more pronounced and challenging given the increased distrust of science, pervasiveness of misinformation, and polarization of ideas. As such, pediatric providers are increasingly on the frontline of vaccine conversations with their patients, families, colleagues, and communities. To respond effectively to vaccine hesitancy, providers should employ professionalism in all aspects of their practice, including commitment to learning and growth, cultural awareness and humility, ethical responsibility to self and others, oral communication, reliability and dependability, teamwork, critical thinking and quantitative reasoning, and the engagement in public discourse around vaccines.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease Burden and Nirsevimab Effectiveness in Young Children From 2023-2024.

Importance: During the 2023-2024 respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) season in the United States, 2 new RSV prevention products were recommended to protect infants in their first RSV season: nirsevimab and Pfizer's maternal RSV vaccine. Postlicensure studies are needed to assess prevention product impact and effectiveness.

Objective: To compare the epidemiology and disease burden of medically attended RSV-associated acute respiratory illness (ARI) among children younger than 5 years during the 2023-2024 RSV season with 3 prepandemic RSV seasons (2017-2020), estimate nirsevimab effectiveness against medically attended RSV-associated ARI, and compare nirsevimab binding site mutations among circulating RSV in infants with and without nirsevimab receipt.