Primary Progressive Apraxia of Speech Caused by TDP-43: A Case Report.

Objectives: To introduce the first case in which primary progressive apraxia of speech (PPAOS) is associated with TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) instead of 4-repeat tau.

Methods: This patient was identified through a postmortem autopsy. Following an initial diagnostic evaluation, he participated in 3 annual research visits during which speech, language, cognitive, and neurologic assessments were administered.

Parkinson's disease progression is multifaceted: Evidence for the underlying benchmarks.

Long-term Parkinson's disease (PD) progression is not a homogeneous process and manifests in diverse ways over the lifetime. Recognition of progression benchmarks and their substrates is important for treatment and addressing the expectations of patients, as well as for PD research planning.

40-Year Incidence of Early-Onset Parkinson's Disease in Southeast Minnesota.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) most commonly surfaces at middle age. An earlier onset is named early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD), but the exact definition is a matter of ongoing scientific debate.

Objective: To investigate 40-year EOPD incidence trends in a population-based cohort of parkinsonism in Olmsted County, Minnesota.

Tenascin-R Autoimmunity: Isolated Tremor Reversed with Immunotherapy.

Autoimmune movement disorders are increasingly recognized, but isolated tremor is extremely rare. We describe a 70-year-old male with rapidly progressive, severe postural and intention tremor and weight loss. His cerebrospinal fluid was inflammatory and harbored a neural tissue-restricted antibody.