Burr Hole Reconstruction Techniques: A Systematic Review of Materials and Outcomes.

Background: Burr holes can lead to cranial defects that result in cosmetic and functional issues. Effective reconstruction of these burr holes is crucial for improving patient outcomes, yet there is no consensus on the optimal techniques and materials.

Objective: This systematic review critically evaluates the efficacy and safety of various materials used in neurosurgical practice for burr hole reconstruction.

Lip feminization: A review.

Background: Facial feminization involves a broad array of procedures tailored to transgender women, with lip feminization emerging as a crucial element because of its significant impact on gender expression. Despite its importance, there is a dearth of studies singularly dedicated to lip feminization within this demographic.

Objectives: This review aimed to consolidate knowledge on various techniques (surgical and nonsurgical), outcomes, and patient satisfaction related to lip feminization, thereby highlighting its integral role in facial feminization and its significance in affirming transgender women's identity.

High mobility group box 1 protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and correlation with other inflammatory markers in pulmonary diseases.

Analysis of new markers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) provides new insights into the immunopathogenesis and may be helpful in differential diagnosis of lung diseases. High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is a non-histone nuclear protein and its release into the extracellular environment may be associated with the inflammatory response. The aim of the study is the analysis of HMGB1 in BALF, correlations with other markers of inflammation and differences in extracellular HMGB1 levels in various lung diagnoses.

TREM-2 Receptor Expression Increases with 25(OH)D Vitamin Serum Levels in Patients with Pulmonary Sarcoidosis.

TREM-1 and TREM-2 molecules are members of the TREM transmembrane glycoproteins. In our previous study we identified increased expressions of TREM-1 and TREM-2 receptors in pulmonary sarcoidosis (PS). Only a few studies concerning the association between vitamin D and TREM receptor expression can be found.