Enhanced expression of urokinase plasminogen activator and its receptor in pancreatic carcinoma.

Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) is a serine proteinase that has been suggested to play an important role in cancer invasion and metastasis. It binds to a specific membrane receptor denominated uPA receptor (uPAR). uPA activates plasminogen to form plasmin, which participates in tissue degradation and proteolysis.

Altered expression of transforming growth factor-beta S in chronic renal rejection.

We examined the altered expression of transforming growth factor-beta s in chronic renal rejection in humans, including transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta 1), TGF-beta 2, TGF-beta 3 and their receptors, transforming growth factor beta receptor type I (T beta R-I) and T beta R-II. Using Northern blot analysis and immunohistochemistry, 10 specimens of chronically rejected and 8 normal kidney samples were analyzed. By Northern blot analysis the expression of mRNA encoding TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2, TGF-beta 3 (P < 0.

The major components of the paraflagellar rod of Trypanosoma brucei are two similar, but distinct proteins which are encoded by two different gene loci.

The flagellum of trypanosomatids contains two major structural elements, the microtubular axoneme, which is the mechanochemical motor of the cell, and the paraflagellar rod (PFR), a highly organized, three-dimensional fiber network of unknown function. Its occurrence is limited to a few groups of unicellular eukaryotes, the Euglenoids, Dinoflagellates, and Kinetoplastids. The PFR of trypanosomes consists of two similar proteins of approximate molecular masses of 69 and 73 kDa.

The major component of the paraflagellar rod of Trypanosoma brucei is a helical protein that is encoded by two identical, tandemly linked genes.

The flagellum of the parasitic hemoflagellate Trypanosoma brucei contains two major structures: (a) the microtubule axoneme, and (b) a highly ordered, filamentous array, the paraflagellar rod (PFR). This is a complex, three-dimensional structure, of yet unknown function, that extends along most of the axoneme and is closely linked to it. Its major structural component is a single protein of 600 amino acids.