Incidence of milk leakage after dry-off in European dairy herds, related risk factors, and its role in new intramammary infections.

The incidence of milk leakage (ML) after dry-off (DO) and related risk factors was studied in 1,175 dairy cows from 41 commercial herds in 8 European countries: Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, and Spain. Milk leakage was assessed twice for 30 s each during 3 visits at 20 to 24 h, 30 to 34 h, and 48 to 52 h after DO. Information related to dry-cow management and udder health was collected at herd and cow level, including individual somatic cell count (ISCC) from test-day controls and occurrence of clinical mastitis cases from DO until 30 d in lactation.

Determination of aryloxyphenoxypropanoic acid derivatives in crops treated with herbicidal sprays.

A reproducible and sensitive gas chromatographic method has been developed for the trace analysis of fluazifop-butyl, haloxyfop-ethoxyethyl and quizalofop-ethyl as well as their main metabolites (corresponding acids analysed after conversion to methyl esters) in some fruits and vegetables treated with herbicidal sprays. Comparable detection limits (0.01 mg/kg) were achieved when mass fragmentography and/or the electron capture detector were employed.

Interactions of oxidized lipids with protein. Part XVI. Interactions of oxidized ethyl linoleate with collagen.

The reaction of ethyl linoleate with collagen proceeded at 60 degrees C following the first order kinetics but during the hydroperoxide decomposition the rate constant of the first order decomposition was substantially lower than that of the second order decomposition. Contrary to cellulose, collagen catalyzed the hydroperoxide decomposition. The amount of total oxidation products rose rapidly at the stage of rapid hydroperoxide formation, and slowly afterwards.

Gas chromatographic determination of diquat and paraquat in crops.

A sensitive and reproducible gas chromatographic procedure for the determination of diquat and paraquat in potatoes and rapeseed was developed. The volatilization of analytes was carried out via their hydrogenation with sodium borohydride-nickel(II) chloride. After their isolation from the reaction mixture, the derivatives of bipiperidine were separated on a column packed with Apiezon L plus potassium hydroxide.

Gas chromatographic determination of chlorinated phenols in the form of various derivatives.

Derivatization of chlorophenols prior to gas chromatographic analysis resulted in a significant improvement of their chromatographic behaviour. Chlorophenols in the form of anisoles, acetates, and pentafluorobenzyl ethers were separated either on a HP-1 wide-bore capillary column or on a capillary column coated with a film of SE-54. Due to an enhancement of the poor electron-capture detection response of mono- and dichlorophenols, pentafluorobenzylation made it possible to determine trace amounts in spiked water.