Differential effects of stimulation waveform and intensity on the neural structures activated by lumbar transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation.

Introduction: Lumbar transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (TSS) evokes synchronized muscle responses, termed spinally evoked motor response (sEMR). Whether the structures TSS activates to evoke sEMRs differ when TSS intensity and waveform are varied is unknown.

Methods: In 15 participants (9F:6M), sEMRs were evoked by TSS over L1-L3 (at sEMR threshold and suprathreshold intensities) using conventional (one 400-µs biphasic pulse) or high-frequency burst (ten 40-µs biphasic pulses at 10 kHz) stimulus waveforms in vastus medialis (VM), tibialis anterior (TA) and medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscles.

surtvep: An R package for estimating time-varying effects.

The surtvep package is an open-source software designed for estimating time-varying effects in survival analysis using the Cox non-proportional hazards model in R. With the rapid increase in large-scale time-to-event data from national disease registries, detecting and accounting for time-varying effects in medical studies have become crucial. Current software solutions often face computational issues such as memory limitations when handling large datasets.

Population Genetics of the Deep-sea Acorn Barnacle (Hoek, 1883) and the First Report of its Affiliation with a Hydrothermal Vent Field.

Confined by the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the European continental shelf, the deep-sea acorn barnacle (Hoek, 1883) lives in the northeast Atlantic deep sea, where it has been frequently reported in high current areas. Cemented to a solid substrate during its entire adult life, the species can only disperse by means of planktotrophic nauplius larvae. This study reports on the occurrence, ecology and genetic connectivity of from four sites within the northeastern Iceland Basin and presents the first record of the species living affiliated with hydrothermal vent field on the Reykjanes Ridge axis.

Clinicopathological findings of melioidosis in captive red-legged pademelons (Thylogale stigmatica) in northern Queensland, Australia.

Background: Melioidosis, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, is an important disease that is endemic in areas of northern Australia and can cause a wide range of clinical signs in people and animals. There is limited published data on the disease in marsupials.

Case Report: Two captive red-legged pademelons (Thylogale stigmatica) with collective signs of lethargy, dysphagia and bloody oral discharge were submitted for necropsy and showed variations in pathology findings ranging from multifocal abscessation in various tissues to evidence of fulminant septicaemia.