Ketamine is an injectable anesthetic agent with analgesic and antidepressant effects that can prevent maladaptive pain. Ketamine is metabolized by the liver into norketamine, an active metabolite. Prior rodent studies have suggested that norketamine is thought to contribute up to 30% of ketamine's analgesic effect.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: This study compared the quality of retrobulbar anesthesia using a blind inferior-temporal palpebral approach (ITP) with an ultrasound-guided supratemporal (ST) technique in dogs undergoing unilateral enucleation.
Animal Studied: Twenty-one client-owned dogs were undergoing enucleation.
Procedures: Dogs were randomly assigned to receive ITP (n = 10) or ST (n = 11) with 0.
Objective: To develop an ultrasound-guided interfascial plane technique for injection of the pudendal nerve near its sacral origin in cats.
Study Design: Prospective, randomized, anatomical study.
Animals: A group of 12 feline cadavers.