Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens
September 2024
Purpose Of Review: While high levels of lead exposure, as occurs accidentally or occupationally, can cause toxicity across multiple organ systems, the hazard of commonly encountered levels of lead in the environment remains unresolved. Challenges to researching the health effects of lead include its complex interplay with renal function, rendering analyses at risk of unaccounted confounding, and the likely small effect size of environmental levels of exposure. While children are known to be disproportionately susceptible to lead toxicity, resulting in appropriately more stringent regulatory surveillance for those under 5 years old, emerging evidence suggests that those with chronic kidney disease (CKD) similarly are at a greater risk.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImportance: The consequences of low levels of environmental lead exposure, as found commonly in US household water, have not been established.
Objective: To examine whether commonly encountered levels of lead in household water are associated with hematologic toxicity among individuals with advanced kidney disease, a group known to have disproportionate susceptibility to environmental toxicants.
Design, Setting, And Participants: Cross-sectional analysis of household water lead concentrations and hematologic outcomes was performed among patients beginning dialysis at a Fresenius Medical Care outpatient facility between January 1, 2017, and December 20, 2021.
Purpose: Dysnatremias - hypernatremia and hyponatremia - may be associated with mortality through their impact on altered consciousness. We examined the mediating effect of decreased consciousness on the relationship between dysnatremia and mortality.
Methods: Among 195,568 critically ill patients in the United States contained in the eICU database, we categorized serum sodium into bands of 5mEq/L.