Tillage type and sentinel insect species affect the relative prevalence of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium robertsii, in soil.

Because the use of synthetic agrochemicals is generally not allowed in organic crop production systems, growers rely on natural substances and processes, such as microbial control, to suppress insect pests. Reduced tillage practices are associated with beneficial soil organisms, such as entomopathogenic fungi, that can contribute to the natural control of insect pests. The impacts of management, such as tillage, in a cropping system can affect soil biota in the current season and can also persist over time as legacy effects.

Applying Normalisation Process Theory to a peer-delivered complex health intervention for people experiencing homelessness and problem substance use.

Background: The Supporting Harm Reduction through Peer Support (SHARPS) study involved designing and implementing a peer-delivered, harm reduction intervention for people experiencing homelessness and problem substance use. Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) provided a framework for the study.

Methods: Four Peer Navigators (individuals with personal experience of problem substance use and/or homelessness) were recruited and hosted in six third sector (not-for-profit) homelessness services in Scotland and England (United Kingdom).

Synthesising enablers and barriers to hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance-A systematic review of qualitative findings.

Background & Aims: This systematic literature review of qualitative findings aims to identify the perceived barriers and enablers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance from patient and clinician perspectives.

Methods: A systematic search of databases using key term combinations with the following inclusion criteria: 1) qualitative and quantitative (survey) studies exploring barriers and enablers of HCC surveillance, and 2) qualitative and quantitative (survey) studies exploring barriers and enablers of enagagement in clinical care for patients with cirrhosis and/or viral hepatitis.

Results: The search returned 445 citations: 371 did not meet the study criteria and were excluded.

Exploring Sex-Based Variations in Head Kinematics During Soccer Heading.

While studies indicate that females experience a higher concussion risk and more severe outcomes in soccer heading compared to males, comprehensive data on the underlying factors contributing to these sex-based differences are lacking. This study investigates the sex differences in the head-to-ball impact kinematics among college-aged soccer headers in a laboratory-controlled setting. Forty subjects (20 females, 20 males) performed ten headers, and impact kinematics, including peak angular acceleration and velocity (PAA, PAV) and peak linear acceleration (PLA), were measured using mouthguards.

Implantable cardioverter defibrillator deactivation and end-of-life: British Heart Rhythm Society practical consensus guideline.

Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are implanted in increasing numbers of patients with the aim of treating ventricular arrhythmias in high-risk patients and reducing their risk of dying. Individuals are also living longer with these devices. As a result, a greater number of patients with an ICD will deteriorate either with worsening cardiac failure, another non-cardiac condition or general frailty and will have a limited prognosis.