Pharmacokinetics of tramadol and metabolites O-desmethyltramadol and N-desmethyltramadol in adult horses.

Objective: To determine the pharmacokinetics of tramadol and its metabolites O-desmethyltramadol (ODT) and N-desmethyltramadol (NDT) in adult horses.

Animals: 12 mixed-breed horses.

Procedures: Horses received tramadol IV (5 mg/kg, over 3 minutes) and orally (10 mg/kg) with a 6-day washout period in a randomized crossover design.

Association between fecal hydrogen sulfide production and pouchitis.

Purpose: The beneficial effect of antibiotics in pouchitis suggests that an unidentified fecal bacterial product causes this condition. A candidate compound is hydrogen sulfide, a highly toxic gas produced by certain fecal bacteria, which causes tissue injury in experimental models. We investigated hydrogen sulfide release and sulfate-reducing bacterial counts in pouch contents to determine whether hydrogen sulfide production correlates with pouchitis.

Effectiveness of devices purported to reduce flatus odor.

Objective: A variety of charcoal-containing devices are purported to minimize problems with odoriferous rectal gas; however, the evidence supporting the efficacy of these products is virtually all anecdotal. We objectively evaluated the ability of these devices to adsorb two malodorous, sulfide gases (hydrogen sulfide and methylmercaptan) instilled at the anus.

Methods: Via a tube, 100 ml of nitrogen containing 40 ppm of sulfide gases and 0.

The effect of antibiotics and bismuth on fecal hydrogen sulfide and sulfate-reducing bacteria in the rat.

Colonic bacteria produce the highly toxic thiol, hydrogen sulfide. Despite speculation that this compound induces colonic mucosal injury, there is little information concerning manipulations that might reduce its production. We studied the effect of antibiotics and bismuth on the production of hydrogen sulfide in rats.