Money versus performance feedback: money associated with lower feelings of cognitive fatigue.

Objective: Prior research suggests that effort and reward are central to cognitive fatigue. To better understand the influence of reward on cognitive fatigue, this study examined the effect of reward type and frequency on cognitive fatigue.

Participants And Methods: In an online between-subjects study, 400 participants completed a computerized switching task and were randomly sorted into one of the five possible groups based on reward condition: [1] infrequent money, [2] frequent money, [3] infrequent performance-feedback, [4] frequent performance feedback, and [5] no-reward.

TMS-induced phase resets depend on TMS intensity and EEG phase.

. The phase of the electroencephalographic (EEG) signal predicts performance in motor, somatosensory, and cognitive functions. Studies suggest that brain phase resets align neural oscillations with external stimuli, or couple oscillations across frequency bands and brain regions.

Conceptual structure of emotions.

Theories of semantic organization have historically prioritized investigation of concrete concepts pertaining to inanimate objects and natural kinds. As a result, accounts of the conceptual representation of emotions have almost exclusively focused on their juxtaposition with concrete concepts. The present study aims to fill this gap by deriving a large set of normative feature data for emotion concepts and assessing similarities and differences between the featural representation of emotion, nonemotion abstract, and concrete concepts.

Enhancing cognitive control with transcranial magnetic stimulation in subject-specific frontoparietal networks.

Background: Cognitive control processes, including those involving frontoparietal networks, are highly variable between individuals, posing challenges to basic and clinical sciences. While distinct frontoparietal networks have been associated with specific cognitive control functions such as switching, inhibition, and working memory updating functions, there have been few basic tests of the role of these networks at the individual level.

Methods: To examine the role of cognitive control at the individual level, we conducted a within-subject excitatory transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) study in 19 healthy individuals that targeted intrinsic ("resting") frontoparietal networks.

Evaluating and benchmarking the EEG signal quality of high-density, dry MXene-based electrode arrays against gelled Ag/AgCl electrodes.

To evaluate the signal quality of dry MXene-based electrode arrays (also termed 'MXtrodes') for electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings where gelled Ag/AgCl electrodes are a standard.We placed 4 × 4 MXtrode arrays and gelled Ag/AgCl electrodes on different scalp locations. The scalp was cleaned with alcohol and rewetted with saline before application.