Antibiotic Treatment During Pregnancy and the First Six Months Postpartum - a Secondary Analysis of the "Healthy Living in Pregnancy" (GeliS) Study.

Introduction: Antibiotic therapies for the treatment of bacterial infections pose a particular challenge during pregnancy and breastfeeding. For Germany, there is hardly any information on the frequency of antibiotic use during this phase. Our analysis uses data from the "Healthy Living in Pregnancy" (GeliS) study to describe antibiotic treatments during pregnancy and in the first six months after birth (postpartum), and to compare their use with existing recommendations.

Cigarette smoking is associated with a greater risk of incident asthma in allergic rhinitis.

Background: Asthma and rhinitis are often comorbid conditions, and several studies have suggested that rhinitis often precedes asthma. Sensitization to allergen has been shown to be one of the strongest determinants of incident asthma, but little is known about the effects of cigarette smoking among individuals with allergic rhinitis.

Objective: We sought to evaluate the importance of cigarette smoking as an additional risk factor for incident asthma in a cohort of hospital-referred nonasthmatic adult subjects with allergic rhinitis.

The change in excess risk of lung cancer attributable to smoking following smoking cessation: an examination of different analytic approaches using CPS-I data.

Background: Lung cancer risk is modified by smoking cessation. However, the inclusion in the group of former smokers of those who quit after developing symptoms or being diagnosed with lung cancer distorts the apparent risk in the first several years following cessation. This bias is termed the quitting ill effect.

Does a failed quit attempt reduce cigarette consumption following resumption of smoking? The effects of time and quit attempts on the longitudinal analysis of self-reported cigarette smoking intensity.

California Tobacco Survey respondents were asked the intensity of their cigarette smoking 1 year previously and at the time of the survey. Respondents reported a generally lower smoking intensity at survey time compared with 1 year previously. Multivariable statistical models on the change in smoking intensity in the past year were fitted to assess the effects of low-tar cigarette use, a quit attempt in the past year, smoking intensity 1 year previously, and demographic variables (age, education, income, and race).