Racial and Ethnic Differences in Outcomes of Neonates Born at Less Than 30 Weeks' Gestation, 2018-2022.

Importance: Previous research has examined outcomes among very preterm newborns by the birthing parent's race and ethnicity, but knowledge about these trends during the COVID-19 pandemic is limited.

Objective: To examine trends in outcomes among Black, Hispanic, and Asian preterm newborns compared with White preterm newborns.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study (2018-2022) took place at 774 neonatal intensive care units in the Vermont Oxford Network.

Survival of Infants Born at 22 to 25 Weeks' Gestation Receiving Care in the NICU: 2020-2022.

Objective: To provide contemporary data on infants inborn at 22 to 25 weeks' gestation and receiving care at level 3 and 4 neonatal intensive care units in the United States.

Methods: Vermont Oxford Network members submitted data on infants born at 22 to 25 weeks' gestation at a hospital with a level 3 or 4 NICU from 2020 to 2022. The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge.

Quality Improvement Interventions to Prevent Intraventricular Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review.

Objectives: Quality improvement may reduce the incidence and severity of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants. We evaluated quality improvement interventions (QIIs) that sought to prevent or reduce the severity of intraventricular hemorrhage.

Methods: PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and citations of selected articles were searched.

Potentially Better Practices for Follow Through in Neonatal Intensive Care Units.

Objective: To ascertain how NICU teams are undertaking action to follow through, involving teams, families, and communities as partners to address health-related social needs of infants and families.

Methods: Nineteen potentially better practices (PBPs) for follow through first published in 2020 were reported and analyzed as a sum, overall, and by safety-net hospital status, hospital ownership, and NICU type, among US NICUs that finalized Vermont Oxford Network data collection in 2023.

Results: One hundred percent of 758 eligible hospitals completed the annual membership survey, of which 57.

Horizontally integrated health systems and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) care for very preterm infants.

Hospital care has consolidated rapidly into health systems in the United States. Infants born very preterm are among the most vulnerable pediatric populations, accounting for the majority of infant deaths each year. The pediatric health care delivery system for infants is unique as the birth hospitalization includes 2 patients, the mother and the infant.