Proteomic analysis of the response of Listeria monocytogenes to bile salts under anaerobic conditions.

Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen responsible for the disease listeriosis. The infectious process depends on survival in the high bile-salt conditions encountered throughout the gastrointestinal tract, including the gallbladder. However, it is not clear how bile-salt resistance mechanisms are induced, especially under physiologically relevant conditions.

Heart rate and blood pressure responses to +Gz following varied-duration -Gz.

Background: The push-pull effect has been defined previously as decreased +Gz tolerance caused by previous baseline zero or -Gz exposure. Earlier work indicates that the delay in BP (BP) recovery during +Gz is a function of time at -G7, and is due to the lengthened time-course of sympathetically mediated peripheral vasoconstriction.

Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively determine whether heart rate (HR) varies with BP as duration at preceding -Gz increased.

The effect of varying time at -Gz on subsequent +Gz physiological tolerance (push-pull effect).

Introduction: Previous studies have demonstrated decreased +Gz tolerance when preceded by 0 Gz or -Gz, referred to as the "push-pull effect." The purpose of this experiment was to observe the effect of varying time duration at -Gz on the push-pull effect.

Methods: During single sessions, six subjects (three men, three women) were subjected to five relaxed exposures to +2.

The "push-pull effect".

The purpose of this study was to prove or refute previous authors' suggestions that tolerance to +Gz is reduced when preceded by 0 Gz or -Gz. Six men and six women were subjected to one session of acceleration stresses that varied between -2 and +2.25 Gz on the NAMRL Coriolis Acceleration Platform (CAP).

Aerobic fitness and susceptibility to motion sickness.

Susceptibility to motion sickness was evaluated in 29 males having high, moderate, and low levels of aerobic fitness. Subjects underwent Coriolis (cross-coupled) vestibular stimulation on a Stille-Werner rotator during a 10 min modification of the Brief Vestibular Disorientation Test (BVDT). Variables evaluated were: spin time before aborting (ST), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), mean skin temperature (Tsk), subject observation values (SV), and observation values (OV).