Root traits of soybeans exposed to polyethylene films, polypropylene fragments, and biosolids.

Biosolid use imports microplastics into the rhizosphere where they may interfere with root-soil-microbial interactions and cause morphological adaptations in crop root systems. Few studies have examined the response of crop roots to microplastics at documented soil concentrations, and many studies collect root traits using destructive techniques. Hence, there is little information on when and how microplastics effect the physical structure of root systems.

The Effect of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on Temporomandibular Joint Arthritis in Juvenile Rats.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is an inflammatory disease that can affect the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and lower jaw growth. Better treatment options are needed, so this study investigated the effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on TMJ arthritis. Seventy-two 3-week-old male Wistar rats were microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) scanned and divided into eight groups ( = 9).

Individual-based analyses reveal effects of behavioral and demographic variables associated with multi-annual reproductive success of male and female lake sturgeon.

Quantifying effects of individual attributes and population demographic characteristics that affect inter- and intrasexual interactions and adult reproductive success, and the spatial and temporal contexts in which they are expressed is important to effective species management. Multi-year individual-based analyses using genetically determined parentage allowed the examination of variables associated with the reproductive success of male and female lake sturgeon () in the well-studied population in Black Lake, Michigan, USA. Spawning lake sturgeon (a total of 599 individuals where many were captured more than once based on 1024 total captures) and larvae ( = 3436) were genotyped during each of seven consecutive years (2001-2007).