Type 1 diabetes in schools: An integrative review of the literature.

Problem: Children with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) spend a large amount of time at school. Subsequently, school staff often need education around T1D management to optimise related outcomes. Education is particularly essential in primary school settings, due to lack of independence.

Improving the Assessment of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction by Including Left Atrial Strain in the Algorithm.

Background: The latest guidelines on echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) leave a significant proportion of patients with LVDD status undetermined. We aimed to examine the implication of an alternative algorithm incorporating left atrial (LA) strain as a tiebreaker on the indeterminate LVDD category.

Methods And Results: We included 823 patients who underwent echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance within 7 days.

The amalgam of naive CD4 T cell transcriptional states is reconfigured by helminth infection to dampen the amplitude of the immune response.

Naive CD4 T cells in specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice are characterized by transcriptional heterogeneity and subpopulations distinguished by the expression of quiescence, the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cytoskeleton, type I interferon (IFN-I) response, memory-like, and T cell receptor (TCR) activation genes. We demonstrate that this constitutive heterogeneity, including the presence of the IFN-I response cluster, is commensal independent insofar as being identical in germ-free and SPF mice. By contrast, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection altered this constitutive heterogeneity.

CBLs downregulation foretells T cell ubiquitination leading to autoimmunity.

In a study published in the July issue of Immunity, Li et al. demonstrate that expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligases CBL and CBL-B is downregulated in Tfh cells in SLE with Tfh cell expansion and autoimmunity. This leads to reduced ubiquitination of the T cell costimulator ICOS which regulates proteostasis of the Tfh cell transcription factor BCL6 via chaperone-mediated autophagy.