Obesity increases DNA damage in the breast epithelium.

Obesity is a modifiable risk factor for breast cancer. Yet, how obesity contributes to cancer initiation is not fully understood. The goal of this study was to determine if the body mass index (BMI) and metabolic hallmarks of obesity are related to DNA damage in normal breast tissue.

Performance of individual criteria of the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) intraabdominal injury prediction rule.

Objective: The Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) derived and externally validated a clinical prediction rule to identify children with blunt torso trauma at low risk for intraabdominal injuries undergoing acute intervention (IAI). Little is known about the risk for IAI when only one or two prediction rule variables are positive. We sought to determine the risk for IAI when either one or two PECARN intraabdominal injury rule variables are positive.

A recent evaluation on the performance of LLMs on radiation oncology physics using questions of randomly shuffled options.

Purpose: We present an updated study evaluating the performance of large language models (LLMs) in answering radiation oncology physics questions, focusing on the recently released models.

Methods: A set of 100 multiple choice radiation oncology physics questions, previously created by a well-experienced physicist, was used for this study. The answer options of the questions were randomly shuffled to create "new" exam sets.

Simulation-Based Clinical System Testing of Neonatal Resuscitation Readiness Across a Rural Health System Identifies Common Latent Safety Threats.

Background: Simulation offers an opportunity to practice neonatal resuscitation and test clinical systems to improve safety. The authors used simulation-based clinical systems testing (SbCST) with a Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (HFMEA) rubric to categorize and quantify latent safety threats (LSTs) during in situ training in eight rural delivery hospitals. The research team hypothesized that most LSTs would be common across hospitals.

Evaluating compliance with UN Security Council Resolution 1540 on nonproliferation of weapons of mass destruction.

On April 28, 2004, the United Nations Security Council unanimously adopted United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1540. It requires countries to develop and enforce legal and regulatory measures against the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) and their means of delivery, with a focus on the spread to nonstate actors. To date, compliance with UNSCR 1540 has been challenging.