Negative impact of physician prescribed drug dosing schedule requirements on patient adherence to cardiovascular drugs.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine whether dosing schedule requirements impair overall cardiovascular drug adherence.

Methods: A cohort study was performed with hospitalized patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease between April and September 2011. Patients were asked whether the prescribed time for taking their statin and antiplatelet drugs created any inconvenience in their daily routine and, if so, were asked to describe the reasons.

Backscattered electron imaging at low emerging angles: a physical approach to contrast in LVSEM.

Due to the influence of refraction effects on the escape probability of the Back-Scattered Electrons (BSE), an expression of the fraction of these BSE is given as a function of the beam energy, E°, and emission angle (with respect to the normal) α. It has been shown that these effects are very sensitive to a local change of the work function in particular for low emerging angles. This sensitivity suggests a new type of contrast in Low Voltage Scanning Electron Microscopy (LVSEM for E°<2 keV): the work function contrast.

From the physics of secondary electron emission to image contrasts in scanning electron microscopy.

Image formation in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a combination of physical processes, electron emissions from the sample, and of a technical process related to the detection of a fraction of these electrons. For the present survey of image contrasts in SEM, simplified considerations in the physics of the secondary electron emission yield, δ, are combined with the effects of a partial collection of the emitted secondary electrons. Although some consideration is initially given to the architecture of modern SEM, the main attention is devoted to the material contrasts with the respective roles of the sub-surface and surface compositions of the sample, as well as with the roles of the field effects in the vacuum gap.

New bis(aryloxy)-Ti(IV) complexes and their use for the selective dimerization of ethylene to 1-butene.

New titanium complexes of general formula [(ArO)(n)Ti(Oi-Pr)((4-n))] were synthesized and used as pre-catalysts for the selective dimerization of ethylene to 1-butene. The complexes were prepared in cyclohexane using [Ti(Oi-Pr)(4)] and one or two equivalents of the corresponding phenols (ArOH) at room temperature. In this work, both monodentate and chelating phenols were evaluated.

Material contrast in SEM: Fermi energy and work function effects.

'Is it possible to assign various grey levels of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image to different components of a given sample? Among other instrumental effects, the answer is not only a function of the respective secondary electron emission (SEE) yields of the components, delta, but also of the angular fraction of the secondary electrons (SE)s being collected, k(alpha) and of a possible voltage contact effect between sample and detector, k(varphi). Expressed as a function of E(F), Fermi energy, and varphi, work function of the components of interest, equations of spectral, ( partial differentialdelta/ partial differentialE(k)), and angular, ( partial differentialdelta/ partial differentialalpha) distributions of the emitted SEs permit to evaluate k(alpha) and k(varphi) for Au and Si. It has been established that collected SE spectra, partial differentialdelta(alpha)/ partial differentialE(k), are distorted with respect to the emitted and fraction k(alpha) is material dependent for a solid angle of detection Omega degrees less than 2pi (or maximum semi-apex angle alpha(max)<90 degrees ) In particular, for coaxial detections around the normal incident beam the detected fraction of SEs from Au, k(alpha)(Au), is slightly larger than that for Si, k(alpha)(Si).