Synthesis of Lactams via a Chiral Phosphoric Acid-Catalyzed Aniline Cyclization.

The enantioenriched lactams disclosed in this work are synthesized concisely in four steps. In the penultimate reaction, a benzylamine species complexes with a chiral phosphoric acid to produce benzo-fused δ-lactams equipped with an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter. Partial and full reductions were carried out on the ester and amide moieties, and a Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling expanded the molecule from the aromatic ring.

Direct Observation of PFIB-Induced Clustering in Precipitation-Strengthened Al Alloys by Atom Probe Tomography.

The effect of sample preparation on a pre-aged Al–Mg–Si–Cu alloy has been evaluated using atom probe tomography. Three methods of preparation were investigated: electropolishing (control), Ga+ focused ion beam (FIB) milling, and Xe+ plasma FIB (PFIB) milling. Ga+-based FIB preparation was shown to introduce significant amount of Ga contamination throughout the reconstructed sample (≈1.

Opinions of Quebec parents and vaccinators on the usefulness of chickenpox vaccine.

Background: A chickenpox vaccine was recently licensed in Canada. Because this vaccine has caused some controversy within the health care profession, studies among Quebec parents and vaccine providers were carried out, surveying their opinions concerning chickenpox vaccination.

Methods: Three studies among parents of preadolescents, parents of two-year-old children completely or incompletely vaccinated and vaccinators were completed.

Severe complications associated with varicella: Province of Quebec, April 1994 to March 1996.

Objective: To determine the frequency and severity of serious complications associated with varicella in Quebec; the frequency and severity of cases of congenital varicella; and hospital costs associated with hospitalizations for varicella.

Study Design: All hospitalizations related to varicella were identified through the use of a hospital data bank and pertinent data were collected from hospital records.

Setting: Province of Quebec with a population of 6,895,960 people.

[A public health intervention at the time of a case of rabies in Quebec].

Background: In the fall of 2000, a nine-year-old child living in Montreal (Québec) died of rabies encephalitis. Cases of human rabies had not been reported in Canada for 15 years. The molecular characterization of viral nucleic acid implicated the Ln/Ps variant associated with the silver-haired bat and the eastern pipistrelle.