Clinical and immunomodulatory effects of combination immunotherapy with low-dose interleukin 2 and tumor necrosis factor alpha in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a phase I trial.

Sixteen patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer were treated with a combination of simultaneous low-dose interleukin 2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor alpha. The purpose of this phase I dose escalation trial was to assess the clinical toxicities, immunomodulatory effects, and antitumor efficacy of this combination. Patients received a continuous daily i.

Characterization of interleukin-2-initiated versus OKT3-initiated human tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from glioblastoma multiforme: growth characteristics, cytolytic activity, and cell phenotype.

Outgrowth of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from the human primary brain tumor glioblastoma multiforme was achieved by OKT3 initiation (10 ng/ml), followed by sustained expansion by interleukin-2 (IL-2; 200 U/ml). Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) initiation by this process was performed in parallel with the standard "IL-2-only" method. Of ten tumors, seven yielded TIL in response to OKT3/IL-2, whereas only three of these seven grew after initiation with IL-2 alone.

Selective internalization of arachidonic acid by endothelial cells.

The asymmetric distribution of phospholipids in bovine endothelial-cell membranes was probed with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonate and purified phospholipase A2. The data suggest that phosphotidylethanolamine is primarily located in the inner lipid bilayer, as reported for other cell types. Stearic acid is taken up by the endothelial cells and is randomly distributed among the membrane phospholipids.