Alcohol consumption and oral microbiome composition in a sample of healthy young adults.

The oral microbiomes of 24 healthy adults (50% female; mean age = 24.3) were examined using 16 s ribosomal RNA sequencing and compared between light and heavy drinkers. Beta diversity was related at the trend level to drinking group, and light drinkers had significantly higher abundances of key oral taxa such as Lactobacillales.

Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperglycemia Is Associated with Unique Microbiome Metabolomic Signatures in Response to Ciprofloxacin Treatment.

It is well recognized that the microbiome plays key roles in human health, and that damage to this system by, for example, antibiotic administration has detrimental effects. With this, there is collective recognition that off-target antibiotic susceptibility within the microbiome is a particularly troublesome side effect that has serious impacts on host well-being. Thus, a pressing area of research is the characterization of antibiotic susceptibility determinants within the microbiome, as understanding these mechanisms may inform the development of microbiome-protective therapeutic strategies.

Inter-species geographic signatures for tracing horizontal gene transfer and long-term persistence of carbapenem resistance.

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are an urgent global health threat. Inferring the dynamics of local CRE dissemination is currently limited by our inability to confidently trace the spread of resistance determinants to unrelated bacterial hosts. Whole-genome sequence comparison is useful for identifying CRE clonal transmission and outbreaks, but high-frequency horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of carbapenem resistance genes and subsequent genome rearrangement complicate tracing the local persistence and mobilization of these genes across organisms.

Streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia alters the cecal metabolome and exacerbates antibiotic-induced dysbiosis.

It is well established in the microbiome field that antibiotic (ATB) use and metabolic disease both impact the structure and function of the gut microbiome. But how host and microbial metabolism interacts with ATB susceptibility to affect the resulting dysbiosis remains poorly understood. In a streptozotocin-induced model of hyperglycemia (HG), we use a combined metagenomic, metatranscriptomic, and metabolomic approach to profile changes in microbiome taxonomic composition, transcriptional activity, and metabolite abundance both pre- and post-ATB challenge.

Oxygen and Metabolism: Digesting Determinants of Antibiotic Susceptibility in the Gut.

Microbial metabolism is a major determinant of antibiotic susceptibility. Environmental conditions that modify metabolism, notably oxygen availability and redox potential, can directly fine-tune susceptibility to antibiotics. Despite this, relatively few studies have discussed these modifications within the gastrointestinal tract and their implication on drug activity and the off-target effects of antibiotics in the gut.