Newcastle disease vaccine virus I-2 fails to acquire virulence during repeated passage .

This study determined whether the naturally attenuated, thermotolerant Newcastle disease vaccine virus I-2 could acquire virulence after five passages through SPF chickens. Study design was to international requirements including European Pharmacopoeia, Ph. Eur.

Spillover of avian haemosporidian parasites (Haemosporidia: Plasmodium) and death of captive psittacine species.

Case Report: During February 2014, a yellow-tailed black cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus funereus) and glossy black cockatoo (C. lathami) housed in aviaries on a property in Wamuran, Queensland, were submitted for postmortem. Histopathology and molecular diagnostics demonstrated the presence of Plasmodium sp.

Cervical spine clearance in the elderly: do elderly patients get a bad deal?

Objective: To investigate whether elderly patients, presenting following trauma and requiring immobilisation and imaging of the cervical spine, require increased use of CT and spend longer immobilised when compared to the younger population.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was undertaken of 35 adults aged 18-65 years, and 32 adults over 65 years, requiring cervical spine imaging following trauma.

Results: 1 of the 35 younger patients, and 16 of the 32 elderly patients, underwent CT.

A method for rapid production of heteromultimeric protein complexes in plants: assembly of protective bluetongue virus-like particles.

Plant expression systems based on nonreplicating virus-based vectors can be used for the simultaneous expression of multiple genes within the same cell. They therefore have great potential for the production of heteromultimeric protein complexes. This work describes the efficient plant-based production and assembly of Bluetongue virus-like particles (VLPs), requiring the simultaneous expression of four distinct proteins in varying amounts.