Bioinformatic Approach of B and T Cell Epitopes of PLD and CP40 Proteins of Mexican Isolate 2J-L towards a Peptide-Based Vaccine.

Mapping B and T cell epitopes constitutes an important action for peptide vaccine design. PLD and CP40 virulence factors of biovar , a causal agent of Caseous Lymphadenitis, have been evaluated in a murine model as good candidates for vaccine development. Therefore, the goal of this work was to in silico analyze B and T cell epitopes of the PLD and CP40 proteins of a Mexican isolate of .

Acute Phase Proteins in Dogs with Natural Infection by .

Acute phase proteins have been used as tools for the diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis of several diseases in domestic animals. However, the dynamics of these proteins in infection by , the causative agent of Chagas disease in dogs, is still unknown. The aim of this study was to determine concentrations of acute phase proteins (C-reactive protein, haptoglobin, ferritin and paraoxonase-1) in dogs in a coastal town of Ecuador, with natural infection with or without seroreactivity of , , , , and .

Benefits and costs of immune memory in Rhodnius prolixus against Trypanosoma cruzi.

There is increasing evidence supporting the immune memory in invertebrates, but the studies are relatively neglected in insect vectors other than mosquitoes. Therefore, we tested two hypotheses: 1) Rhodnius prolixus insects possess immune memory against Trypanosoma cruzi, and 2) their immune memory is costly. The Dm28c and Y strains of T.

The innate immune response of triatomines against Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli with an unresolved question: Do triatomines have immune memory?

The present work aimed to review the immune response from different triatomines against Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli and propose the study of immune memory in such insects. Trypanosoma use triatomines as vectors to reach and infect mammals. A key question to be answered about vector-parasite interaction is why the immune defense and resistance of the insect against the parasites vary.

Oxidative stress implications for therapeutic vaccine development against Chagas disease.

Introduction: Pathogenesis of Chagas disease (CD) caused by involves chronic oxidative and inflammatory stress. In this review, we discuss the research efforts in therapeutic vaccine development to date and the potential challenges imposed by oxidative stress in achieving an efficient therapeutic vaccine against CD.

Areas Covered: This review covers the immune and nonimmune mechanisms of reactive oxygen species production and immune response patterns during in CD.