Estimating the undetected burden and the likelihood of strain persistence of drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae has developed resistance to all antibiotics recommended for treatment and reports of reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone, the last-line treatment, are increasing. Since many asymptomatic infections remain undiagnosed and most diagnosed infections do not undergo antibiotic susceptibility testing, surveillance systems may underestimate resistant infections. In this modeling study, we simulated the spread of a new strain of ceftriaxone non-susceptible N.

Water First School Water Promotion and Access Intervention: A Cost Analysis Study.

Background: Adequate water intake is associated with improved cognitive and physical performance, prevention of dental caries, and overweight and obesity. However, access to free drinking water in schools remains inadequate. Water First, a school-based intervention promoting water consumption, was shown effective in preventing overweight, yet its costs have not been quantified.

Populationwide Screening for Chronic Kidney Disease: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.

Importance: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have changed clinical management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and made populationwide screening for CKD a viable strategy. Optimal age of screening initiation has yet to be evaluated.

Objective: To compare the clinical benefits, costs, and cost-effectiveness of population-wide CKD screening at different initiation ages and screening frequencies.

The roles of habitat isolation, landscape connectivity and host community in tick-borne pathogen ecology.

Habitat loss and forest fragmentation are often linked to increased pathogen transmission, but the extent to which habitat isolation and landscape connectivity affect disease dynamics through movement of disease vectors and reservoir hosts has not been well examined. Tick-borne diseases are the most prevalent vector-borne diseases in the United States and on the West Coast, is one of the most epidemiologically important vectors. We investigated the impacts of habitat fragmentation on pathogens transmitted by and sought to disentangle the effects of wildlife communities and landscape metrics predictive of pathogen diversity, prevalence and distribution.