Structure-guided design of partial agonists at an opioid receptor.

Chronic pain and opioid overdose deaths highlight the need for non-addictive analgesics with novel mechanisms. The δ opioid receptor (δOR) is a promising target, as it lacks the respiratory depression associated with µ opioid receptor (µOR) agonists. However, early δOR full agonists caused seizures, limiting their clinical use.

Factors affecting the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on post COVID-19 conditions among adults: A systematic literature review.

This systematic literature review summarizes the evidence across 56 publications and pre-prints (January 2020-July 2023) with low-risk of bias based on JBI critical appraisal, that report adjusted estimates for the relationship between COVID-19 vaccination and Post-COVID-19 Condition (PCC) by timing of vaccination relative to infection or PCC-onset. Comparisons of adjusted vaccine effectiveness (aVE) against ≥1 PCC (vs. unvaccinated) across study characteristics known to impact PCC burden or VE against other COVID-19 endpoints were possible for 31 studies where vaccination preceded infection.

Epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type A disease in Alaska, 2018-2022.

We used statewide surveillance data to describe the epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type a (Hia) disease in Alaska during 2018-2022. Of 52 cases identified, 39 (75%) occurred among Alaska Native children aged <5 years who lived in rural areas of southwest or northern Alaska. Average annual incidence was 17.

The Unified Phenotype Ontology (uPheno): A framework for cross-species integrative phenomics.

Phenotypic data are critical for understanding biological mechanisms and consequences of genomic variation, and are pivotal for clinical use cases such as disease diagnostics and treatment development. For over a century, vast quantities of phenotype data have been collected in many different contexts covering a variety of organisms. The emerging field of phenomics focuses on integrating and interpreting these data to inform biological hypotheses.

Association between nirmatrelvir/ritonavir treatment and antibiotic prescribing in the outpatient setting among patients with COVID-19.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has complicated the management of acute respiratory infections and impacted antibiotic use. We assessed the relationship between nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (NMV/r) receipt and outpatient antibiotic prescribing among patients with COVID-19 in a large national health system. We conducted a retrospective cohort study among outpatients enrolled in the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System who had a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 test or COVID-19 diagnosis and were eligible for NMV/r treatment between 1 April 2022 and 31 March 2024.