VAE-IF: Deep feature extraction with averaging for fully unsupervised artifact detection in routinely acquired ICU time-series.

Artifacts are a common problem in physiological time series collected from intensive care units (ICU) and other settings. They affect the quality and reliability of clinical research and patient care. Manual annotation of artifacts is costly and time-consuming, rendering it impractical.

Patterns and cofactors of polyfunctional mycobacteria-specific T cell response restoration following 6-month antiretroviral treatment in children living with HIV.

Background: Despite immune restoration after initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART), the risk of tuberculosis (TB) persists in children living with HIV (CLHIV). We determined patterns of immune restoration of mycobacteria-specific T cells following ART in CLHIV.

Methods: CD4 and CD8 T cell activation and memory phenotype and functional profiles before and 6 months after ART were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from CLHIV enrolled in the PUSH study (NCT02063880) in Nairobi, Kenya.

Differential Expression Analyses on Human Aortic Tissue Reveal Novel Genes and Pathways Associated With Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Onset and Progression.

Background: Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are focal dilatations of the abdominal aorta that expand progressively, increasing their risk of rupture. Rupture of an AAA is associated with high mortality rates, but the mechanisms underlying the initiation, expansion, and rupture of AAAs are not yet fully understood. We aimed to characterize the pathophysiology of AAAs and identify new genes associated with AAA initiation and progression.

Preictal period optimization for deep learning-based epileptic seizure prediction.

. Accurate seizure prediction could prove critical for improving patient safety and quality of life in drug-resistant epilepsy. While deep learning-based approaches have shown promising performance using scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, the incomplete understanding and variability of the preictal state imposes challenges in identifying the optimal preictal period (OPP) for labeling the EEG segments.

Case report: Primary cytomegalovirus infection in a patient with late onset multiple sclerosis treated with dimethyl fumarate.

Background: Treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) with delayed-release dimethyl fumarate (DMF) has shown efficacy and safety in clinical trials. However, the occurrence of infectious complications, particularly in elderly patients, remains a concern.

Methods: We present the case of a 63-year-old woman with late-onset MS treated with DMF, who developed a severe primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection.