Portal vein thrombosis: A concise review (Review).

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a frequent complication in cirrhotic patients, but it may also exist as a basic vascular condition even without any liver damage. Local and systemic factors play a significant role in the pathogenesis of PVT; yet, in practice, more than one factor may be identified. PVT can be considered a result of liver fibrosis and hepatic insufficiency.

EUS Needle Identification Comparison and Evaluation study (with videos).

Background And Aims: EUS-guided FNA or biopsy sampling is widely practiced. Optimal sonographic visualization of the needle is critical for image-guided interventions. Of the several commercially available needles, bench-top testing and direct comparison of these needles have not been done to reveal their inherent echogenicity.

Anastomosis of the ovarian vein to the hepatic portal vein in sheep induces ovarian hyperstimulation associated with increased LH pulsatility, but only in the absence of the contralateral ovary.

In this study, two experiments were performed, the first of which examined the ovarian response in ewes that were subject to unilateral ovariectomy (ULO) at different intervals (0-14 days) after surgical anastomosis (AN) of the ovarian vein to the mesenteric vein (n=7 ewes), or sham operation (SO; n=4 ewes). Hypertrophy and development of multiple follicular and luteal structures on AN ovaries were observed after ULO, while SO ovaries remained of normal size and appearance after ULO. The second experiment involving 11 ewes (five AN; six SO) aimed to clarify the mechanism by which AN following ULO-induced ovarian hypertrophy and increased follicle development.

Effects of the Booroola Fec gene on ovarian follicular populations in superovulated Romanov ewes pretreated with a GnRH antagonist.

Endocrine control of follicular growth was studied in mature Romanov ewes carrying (RF+) or not carrying (R+2) the Booroola Fec gene during an oestrous cycle after gonadotrophin-dependent follicles were suppressed by treatment with an antagonist of GnRH (Antarelix, 0.5 mg per day) and superovulatory treatment was administered. The left ovary was removed after 10 days of treatment (saline or Antarelix) and the right ovary was removed at the end of the superovulatory treatment.

Reduction of the developmental competence of sheep oocytes by inhibition of LH pulses during the follicular phase with a GnRH antagonist.

A GnRH antagonist (Antarelix) treatment was used during the breeding season of Romanov ewes, to investigate whether LH pulses are required the day before the preovulatory surge for normal early embryo development in vivo (Expt 1) and in vitro (Expt 2). In Expt 1, at the onset of oestrus after removal of a fluorogestone acetate sponge, group A0.5 (n = 22) received a subcutaneous injection of 0.