The Birth and Development of Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis.

Peritoneal dialysis has a long and tortuous history. First done in animals in the late 1800s, it became clinically practical in the early 1960s. Peritoneal access was first achieved by intermittent abdominal puncture, and then through the development of a 'permanent access' when Silastic became available.

Comparison of Contaminant Transport in Agricultural Drainage Water and Urban Stormwater Runoff.

Transport of nitrogen and phosphorus from agricultural and urban landscapes to surface water bodies can cause adverse environmental impacts. The main objective of this long-term study was to quantify and compare contaminant transport in agricultural drainage water and urban stormwater runoff. We measured flow rate and contaminant concentration in stormwater runoff from Willmar, Minnesota, USA, and in drainage water from subsurface-drained fields with surface inlets, namely, Unfertilized and Fertilized Fields.

Telemedicine: the slow revolution.

The use of interactive video has been recognized as a means of delivering medical support to isolated areas since the 1950s. The Department of Defense recognized early the capacity of telemedicine to deliver medical care and support to front-line military personnel. In 1989, the Texas Telemedicine Project received grants and support from the then American Telephone and Telegraph Company (now AT&T) and the Meadows Foundation of Dallas, Texas, to establish and evaluate telemedicine delivery in central Texas.

Acute effects of hemodialysis on nitrite and nitrate: potential cardiovascular implications in dialysis patients.

Cardiovascular mortality in dialysis patients remains a serious problem. It is 10 to 20 times higher than in the general population. No molecular mechanism has been proven to explain this increased mortality, although nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated.

Effects of polymer-coated urea on nitrate leaching and nitrogen uptake by potato.

Increasing groundwater nitrate concentrations in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production regions have prompted the need to identify alternative nitrogen management practices. A new type of polymer-coated urea (PCU) called Environmentally Smart Nitrogen (Agrium, Inc.