Narrative Review of Free Radicals and Reactive Oxygen Species in Otitis Media.

Many studies have evaluated the roles of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in various diseases. To date, however, no systematic review has specifically investigated the involvement of free radicals and ROS in acute otitis media (OM), OM with effusion, and chronic OM. The present study therefore assessed the roles of free radicals and ROS in OM.

Ultrahigh Specific Strength by Bayesian Optimization of Carbon Nanolattices.

Nanoarchitected materials are at the frontier of metamaterial design and have set the benchmark for mechanical performance in several contemporary applications. However, traditional nanoarchitected designs with conventional topologies exhibit poor stress distributions and induce premature nodal failure. Here, using multi-objective Bayesian optimization and two-photon polymerization, optimized carbon nanolattices with an exceptional specific strength of 2.

Predicting branch retinal vein occlusion development using multimodal deep learning and pre-onset fundus hemisection images.

Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is a leading cause of visual impairment in working-age individuals, though predicting its occurrence from retinal vascular features alone remains challenging. We developed a deep learning model to predict BRVO based on pre-onset, metadata-matched fundus hemisection images. This retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with unilateral BRVO from two Korean tertiary centers (2005-2023), using hemisection fundus images from 27 BRVO-affected eyes paired with 81 unaffected hemisections (27 counter and 54 contralateral) for training.

Communicating certainty via verbal probability phrases: comparing health contexts with no context.

Introduction: Medical professionals often use verbal phrases to communicate uncertainties and certainties with their patients and the general public.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate factors that can influence people's interpretation of probability phrases of certainty and uncertainty communicated by doctors in health and medical settings.

Methods: An experimental study with a randomized factorial design was conducted to examine both context-related factors and individual difference factors on participants' interpretation across directions of phrases and frames of the context.