Analytical Validation of Cxbladder Detect, Triage, and Monitor: Assays for Detection and Management of Urothelial Carcinoma.

: Cxbladder assays are reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) tests incorporating five genetic biomarkers (, , , , and ) to provide risk stratification for urothelial carcinoma (UC) in patients with hematuria or undergoing surveillance for recurrent disease. This study evaluated the analytical validity of the Cxbladder Detect, Triage, and Monitor assays. Pre-specified acceptance criteria, including the assays' fundamental aspects (sample and reagent stability, RNA extraction quality, RT-qPCR linearity, and analytical sensitivity and specificity), accuracy and precision, and reproducibility between laboratories.

Perceiving Therapeutic Communication: Client-Therapist Discrepancies.

Importance: Few studies have examined differences in clients' and therapists' perspectives on therapeutic communication; this article contributes to the knowledge base.

Objective: To examine clients' and therapists' real-time perceptions of therapeutic communication.

Design: Observational, quantitative, cross-sectional study.

Oestrogen deprivation induces chemokine production and immune cell recruitment in in vitro and in vivo models of oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.

Background: Oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer is commonly treated using endocrine therapies such as aromatase inhibitors which block synthesis of oestradiol, but the influence of this therapy on the immune composition of breast tumours has not been fully explored. Previous findings suggest that tumour infiltrating lymphocytes and immune-related gene expression may be altered by treatment with aromatase inhibitors. However, whether these changes are a direct result of impacts on the host immune system or mediated through tumour cells is not known.

Expression of methotrexate transporters and metabolizing enzymes in rheumatoid synovial tissue.

Objective: To determine whether methotrexate (MTX) affects the expression of genes involved in the transport [SLC19A1 (RFC1), ABCB1 (MDR1), ABCC1 (multidrug resistance proteins 1), ABCG2 (BCRP)], metabolism [γ-glutamyl hydrolase (GGH), folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS)], and mechanism of action of MTX [thymidylate synthase, MTR, MTRR] in rheumatoid synovium.

Methods: Synovial tissue samples were obtained from 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Gene expression was undertaken using quantitative real-time PCR.

Adenosine receptor expression in rheumatoid synovium: a basis for methotrexate action.

Introduction: Methotrexate (MTX) exerts at least part of its anti-inflammatory effects through adenosine receptors (ADOR). The aims of this study were to determine the expression of all four adenosine receptor genes (ADORA1, ADORA2A, ADORA2B, ADORA3 and ADORA3variant) in rheumatoid synovial tissue and any influence of MTX exposure on this expression. Furthermore, we investigated whether polymorphisms within ADORA3 were associated with response and/or adverse effects associated with MTX.