Estimation of seroconversion rates for infectious diseases: Effects of age and noise.

The presence of serum antibodies is a biomarker of past infection. Instead of seroclassification aimed at measuring seroprevalence a population sample of serum antibody levels may be used to estimate the incidence of seroconversion. This article expands an earlier study into seroincidence estimation, employing models of the seroresponse that include probability of escaping infection, as well as nonexponential decay kinetics and different sources of noise.

Detection of titanium particles in human liver and spleen and possible health implications.

Background: Titanium dioxide (TiO) is produced at high volumes and applied in many consumer and food products. Recent toxicokinetic modelling indicated the potential of TiO to accumulate in human liver and spleen upon daily oral exposure, which is not routinely investigated in chronic animal studies. A health risk from nanosized TiO particle consumption could not be excluded then.

Modeling the effect of succimer (DMSA; dimercaptosuccinic acid) chelation therapy in patients poisoned by lead.

Context: Kinetic models could assist clinicians potentially in managing cases of lead poisoning. Several models exist that can simulate lead kinetics but none of them can predict the effect of chelation in lead poisoning. Our aim was to devise a model to predict the effect of succimer (dimercaptosuccinic acid; DMSA) chelation therapy on blood lead concentrations.

Modelling dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) plasma kinetics in humans.

Context: No kinetic models presently exist which simulate the effect of chelation therapy on lead blood concentrations in lead poisoning.

Objective: Our aim was to develop a kinetic model that describes the kinetics of dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA; succimer), a commonly used chelating agent, that could be used in developing a lead chelating model.

Material And Methods: This was a kinetic modelling study.

Risk assessment of titanium dioxide nanoparticles via oral exposure, including toxicokinetic considerations.

Titanium dioxide white pigment consists of particles of various sizes, from which a fraction is in the nano range (<100 nm). It is applied in food as additive E 171 as well as in other products, such as food supplements and toothpaste. Here, we assessed whether a human health risk can be expected from oral ingestion of these titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO NPs), based on currently available information.