On Embedding Indigenous Musics in Schools: Examining the Applicability of Possible Models to One School District's Approach.

Recent curriculum policy changes in British Columbia (BC) require that educators in all subject areas-including music-embed local Indigenous knowledge, pedagogies, and worldviews in their classes. Yet facilitating such decolonizing cross-cultural music education activities requires knowledge that music educators may not currently possess. We use four models created by an Indigenous Arts scholar to examine the interface of Indigenous and Western art musics in performing arts settings: (a) integration, (b) nation-to-nation music trading and reciprocal presentation, (c) a combination of the first two models, and (d) non-integrative encounters that are in relationship but have irreconcilable elements.

Here today, gone tomorrow: Outcomes of residual leak following secundum atrial septal defect closure with the GORE CARDIOFORM Septal Occluder.

Objective: To assess the outcomes and potential predictors of residual leak after implantation of the GORE CARDIOFORM Septal Occluder (GSO) in secundum atrial septal defects (ASDs).

Background: The non-self-centering design of the GSO could lead to residual leak at the edge of the device. Outcomes of residual leak are poorly understood.

The Potential Effect of the 21st Century Cures Act on Drug Development.

Unlabelled: Enacted in December 2016, the 21st Century Cures Act is a pivotal piece of legislation that will influence the FDA drug and device approval process for the foreseeable future. Although this legislation received overwhelming support by members of Congress for much needed budgetary increases for the FDA and other national health organizations, there is much controversy over certain provisions that potentially diminish the robustness of the evidence base required for drug and medical device approvals. This article discusses the key provisions from "Title III - Development" under "Division A - 21st Century Cures" related to drug development and, specifically, explores those aspects that address patient-focused drug development, use of surrogate endpoints in clinical trials, modernization of trial design, and use of real-world evidence for decision making and health care economic information.

Evaluating Oncology Value-Based Frameworks in the U.S. Marketplace and Challenges in Real-World Application: A Multiple Myeloma Test Case.

Background: With the continuous rise in costs for oncology drugs, the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER), the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center's Drug Abacus (DrugAbacus), and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) have developed value-based frameworks (VBFs) to assist stakeholders in formulary and treatment decision-making processes. Since emerging VBFs have the potential to affect available treatment options for patients, it is important to understand the differences associated with these VBFs within various therapeutic areas.

Objectives: To (a) compare VBFs across 3 therapeutic options for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) and (b) identify challenges and limitations associated with real-world decision making using VBFs in the U.

Performance-Based Risk-Sharing Arrangements: U.S. Payer Experience.

Background: As a result of global concern about rising drug costs, many U.S. payers and European agencies such as the National Health Service have partnered with pharmaceutical companies in performance-based risk-sharing arrangements (PBRSAs) by which manufacturers share financial risk with health care purchasing entities and authorities.