Effects of fine particulate matter air pollution on survival of Heliconius ethilla (Godart, 1819).

Human activities affect natural ecosystems worldwide and can generate negative effects on insect species such as growth inhibition, developmental abnormalities and reduction of reproductive and survival rates. Our study focused on fine particulate matter, a pollutant known to cause mechanical obstruction, heavy metal intoxication, and stress in Lepidoptera larvae. Heliconius ethilla (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) is a Heliconiinae found in the southeastern region of Brazil.

Degraded pastures in Brazil: improving livestock production and forest restoration.

Degraded pasture is a major liability in Brazilian agriculture, but restoration and recovery efforts could turn this area into a new frontier to both agricultural yield expansion and forest restoration. Currently, rural properties with larger degraded pasture areas are associated with higher levels of technical inefficiency in Brazil. The recovery of 12 million ha of degraded pastures could generate an additional production of 17.

Depicting the mating system and patterns of contemporary pollen flow in trees of the genus (Fabaceae).

(Fabaceae) is endemic to the Neotropics and consists of two tree species: (Vell.) Brenan and (L.) Speg.