Cross-Coupling Reactions with Nickel, Visible Light, and -Butylamine as a Bifunctional Additive.

Transition metal catalysis is crucial for the synthesis of complex molecules, with ligands and bases playing a pivotal role in optimizing cross-coupling reactions. Despite advancements in ligand design and base selection, achieving effective synergy between these components remains challenging. We present here a general approach to nickel-catalyzed photoredox reactions employing -butylamine as a cost-effective bifunctional additive, acting as the base and ligand.

High-Resolution OCT Reveals Age-Associated Variation in the Region Posterior to the External Limiting Membrane.

Purpose: To evaluate visibility of a sub-band posterior to the external limiting membrane (ELM) and assess its age-associated variation.

Methods: In a retrospective cross-sectional study, normal eyes were imaged using a high-resolution spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) prototype (2.7-µm axial resolution).

Extended Intraocular Drug-Delivery Platforms for the Treatment of Retinal and Choroidal Diseases.

To review sustained-release intraocular platforms used to treat diseases of the retina and choroid. A literature review of the current applications of biomaterials for sustained-release therapy in retinal and choroidal diseases was performed. Retinal and choroidal diseases, such as neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic macular edema (DME), and uveitis, are commonly treated using intravitreal (IVT) therapies that require frequent IVT injections.

Long-Term Follow-up of Patients With Cytomegalovirus Retinitis Treated With a Ganciclovir Implant.

To assess the long-term safety and clinical outcomes of a ganciclovir intravitreal implant in patients with cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis. A retrospective study was performed of patients with CMV retinitis treated with a ganciclovir intravitreal implant. The study included 13 patients (16 eyes) previously treated with a ganciclovir intravitreal implant.

15-Gene Expression Profile and as Integrated Prognostic Test for Uveal Melanoma: First Report of Collaborative Ocular Oncology Group Study No. 2 (COOG2.1).

PURPOSEValidated and accurate prognostic testing is critical for precision medicine in uveal melanoma (UM). Our aims were to (1) prospectively validate an integrated prognostic classifier combining a 15-gene expression profile (15-GEP) and RNA expression and (2) identify clinical variables that enhance the prognostic accuracy of the 15-GEP/ classifier.MATERIALS AND METHODSThis study included 1,577 patients with UM of the choroid and/or ciliary body who were enrolled in the Collaborative Ocular Oncology Group Study Number 2 (COOG2) and prospectively monitored across 26 North American centers.