Cytological indication of the involvement of calcium and calcium-related proteins in the early responses of Bryonia dioica to mechanical stimulus.

The distribution of membrane-bound calcium, activated calmodulin, and callose synthesis was visualized in Bryonia dioica internodes before and after mechanical stimulus, using fluorescent probes, respectively, chlorotetracycline, fluphenazine, and aniline blue. Bright chlorotetracycline fluorescence remains localized in the plasma membrane of control cells, 30 s after stimulation calcium left the plasmalemma. A delocalization of activated calmodulin was observed after wounding and deposition of callose, which could not be detected before, appeared in the same times in most cells.

Bioreactor studies on the effect of dissolved oxygen concentrations on growth and differentiation of carrot (Daucus carota L.) cell cultures.

A bioreactor control system was used to investigate the effects of two dissolved oxygen concentrations (10% and 100%) on the growth and differentiation of Daucus carota L. cell cultures. The strategy used allowed the dissolved oxygen concentration to be controlled without the need for changing either the agitator speed or the total gas flow rate.