Renewable Energy Technical Potential Performance for Zero Carbon Emissions.

Global 2021 energy flows indicate sectors with the greatest opportunities for efficiency improvements and emissions reduction. Analysis of the International Energy Agency's 2050 Net Zero Emissions (NZE) Scenario with respect to the 2021 energy profile as a reference point provides a model for changes in energy efficiency, emissions reduction, cost, and land use resulting from substitutions of fossil fuels with renewable options at the levels required for net zero emissions by 2050. Even with optimized outcomes, the probability of such widespread changes occurring over the next 30 years is reduced by the need for large investments, infrastructure changes, and the successful deployment of technologies still under development.

Anterior exposure of spinal deformities and tumors: a 20-year experience.

Data from 505 patients (1976 through 1995) who underwent anterior spinal exposure were retrospectively analyzed. There were 222 boys and 283 girls with a mean age of 14.5 years; 166 had thoracic exposure (T), 300 thoracoabdominal (TA), 44 retroperitoneal (R), and 7 transperitoneal (TP); 17 had repeat exposure (5 had initial exposure elsewhere); 70% had scoliosis, 25% kyphosis, 27% a neuromuscular disorder (NMD) and 6.

Modified Nissen fundoplication for reduction of fundoplication failure.

Failure of the Nissen fundoplication can be secondary to disruption of the wrap or slippage of the stomach upward within the wrap. A modification of the Nissen fundoplication was devised and implemented between 1982 and 1995 to eliminate these complications. This report describes the modification and the results.

Hirschsprung's disease complicating colon atresia.

An infant with the rare association of colon atresia, total colonic Hirschsprung's disease, and tetralogy of Fallot is presented. While Hirschsprung's disease associated with atresia of the colon has been reported five times previously, this is the first case with associated congenital cardiac disease. As in previous reports, initial operations to relieve obstruction due to the colon atresia failed because of the unrecognized aganglionosis.

A standard of comparison for acute surgical necrotizing enterocolitis.

We reviewed 187 cases of documented neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) from 1976 to 1988. Of these patients, 111 infants underwent celiotomy for acute surgical complications. The following protocol of operative indications was employed: pneumoperitoneum, localized mass, abdominal wall erythema, portal venous air, and clinical deterioration, singly or in any combination.