Gastric emptying: the validity of the paracetamol absorption test adjusted for individual pharmacokinetics.

An algorithm for the paracetamol absorption test for gastric emptying, adjusting for individual pharmacokinetics, was recently developed. The aim of the present study was to validate the use of this algorithm. Furthermore, the algorithm was applied to elucidate whether a gastric tube interferes with the rate of gastric emptying.

Response to changing plasma concentrations of isosorbide-bound NO2 during acute and sustained treatment with isosorbide dinitrate in patients with coronary artery disease.

Background: The mechanisms behind development of tolerance to nitrate effects during sustained, asymmetric isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) therapy are not fully understood.

Hypothesis: The study was undertaken to investigate the changes of the relationships between left ventricular (LV) function and plasma concentrations of ISDN and its vasoactive metabolites (2- and 5-ISMO) during acute and sustained, asymmetric ISDN therapy.

Methods: Left ventricular function and plasma concentrations of ISDN, 2- and 5-isosorbide mononitrates (P-ISDN, P-2- and 5-ISMO) were measured at rest and at supine exercise before and for 4 h after peroral 30 mg ISDN in 15 patients with coronary artery disease, all with initial exercise pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) > 25 mmHg.

Stimulation of the small intestine by nutrients in relation to phase of the migrating motor complex.

Background: The relationship between the preceding phase of the migrating motor complex (MMC) and postprandial motility in the small intestine was studied.

Methods: In eight healthy subjects small-bowel manometry was performed, and a 55-ml caloric liquid bolus (280 kJ) containing paracetamol and 14C-D-xylose was instilled into the duodenum during phase I and late phase II of the intestinal MMC, respectively, in randomized order. Blood samples were drawn at regular intervals and analysed for insulin, gastrin, glucose, paracetamol, and 14C-D-xylose.

Delay of gastric emptying by duodenal intubation: sensitive measurement of gastric emptying by the paracetamol absorption test.

Aims: To examine the influence of duodenal intubation on gastric emptying measured by the paracetamol absorption test using a new algorithm developed to estimate emptying parameters, and to determine the sensitivity of this test.

Methods: A caloric liquid meal with paracetamol as marker of emptying was administered orally to eight healthy volunteers during phase I and phase II of the migrating motor complex (MMC) and without intubation on 3 separate days, and to 10 patients with partial gastrectomy.

Results: Healthy subjects: With duodenal tube, time until 25% of the meal had emptied (t25%) was 24+/-7 (phase I, P<0.

Ethanol treatment in ethylene glycol poisoned patients.

Two otherwise healthy 16-y-old female patients were treated with sodium bicarbonate and ethanol after the ingestion of unknown quantities of ethylene glycol. Patient 2 was admitted twice for ethylene glycol poisoning in unrelated events. In patient 1, the maximum levels of ethylene glycol and glycolate in plasma were 14 mmol/L (0.