Landscape review of global real-world data sources for studying medication use in pregnancy and lactation that support regulatory decision making.

Purpose: Most pregnant people take at least one medication during gestation or while breastfeeding, however data are lacking on the safety of medication use in these populations. We conducted a landscape review of real-world data sources specific to medication use in pregnancy and breastfeeding populations that have met, or have potential to meet, health authorities' requirements for post-authorization safety studies.

Methods: A 2-phase approach identified data sources from literature, publicly available registers of non-interventional post-authorization studies of pregnant women, existing database inventories, and emerging data sources known to the authors.

[Magnetic stimulation in patients with essential blepharospasm].

In 31 patients with an essential blepharospasm investigations were undertaken with transcranial cortical and cisternal magnetic stimulation of the facial nerve. Cortical stimulation was performed contralaterally, whereas cisternal stimulation was ipsilateral; the latencies and amplitudes of the potentials were determined. However, the extracranial part of the facial nerve was stimulated in the region of the stylomastoid foramen for neuromyography electrically.

The effects of botulinum toxin on hemifacial spasm: an electrophysiologic investigation.

Forty-one patients with unilateral or bilateral facial spasm were studied by electrophysiologic examination. All patients received local treatment with botulinum toxin. In the patients and controls, the measurements of the blink reflex revealed changes that (1) may indicate a central origin of the spasm in some cases, and (2) make it likely that the trigeminal nerve influences the facial nucleus and is thus involved in the regulation of the spasm.

[Squamous cell carcinoma in the area of the parotid gland. Metastasis or primary tumor?].

A total of 61 patients with a histological diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland were studied. The patients were classified into three categories. There were 34 patients with a metastasis to the parotid gland from a squamous cell carcinoma elsewhere within the head and neck who presented on average 2.

[Esophageal caustic injury in childhood. A critical elucidation with indication for esophagoscopy].

From 1983 through 1988, esophagoscopies were performed in 41 children because of suspected caustic esophageal injury. Of these 41 children, 11 had endoscopically significant esophageal burns and were treated with steroids and antibiotics. Of these 11 patients, two had no chemical burns of the facial skin, mouth, or pharyngeal mucosa.