The seated man: geometry acquisition and three-dimensional reconstruction.

A three-dimensional (3D) virtual human body in seated position can be used in a wide range of applications such as basic or clinical research. A male cadaver placed in the driving position in a car cockpit was frozen. Strictly parallel 5 mm thickness serial sections were then performed.

A visco-hyperelastic model with damage for the knee ligaments under dynamic constraints.

The aim of this study was to identify the behaviour laws governing the knee ligaments, accounting for the damage incurred by the structure under dynamic constraints. The model is developed using a thermodynamic formulation based on the coupling between a viscoelastic model and a damage model. Identification is carried out using the results of dynamic traction tests performed on a bone ligament/bone complex to which traction velocities of around 1.

Intestinal retractor for transperitoneal laparoscopic aortoiliac reconstruction: experimental study on human cadavers and initial clinical experience.

Background: We set out to design a bowel retractor for use during laparoscopic transperitoneal reconstruction of the infrarenal aorta and of both iliac axes.

Methods: This study was performed on five cadavers. After the insertion of four trocars, a pneumoperitoneum was created, and the bowels were gathered to the right flank.

Left subpancreatic transplexus exposure of the proximal abdominal aorta.

The authors report their experience based on the anatomical study of the celiac region and on the practice of abdominal multiorgan removal for transplantation. They particularly concentrate on the limits and the content of the celiac region of Luschka and particularly: -the position of the celiac axis in relation to the median arcuate ligament of the diaphragm, -the relations of the collateral branches of the abdominal aorta, -the place being taken by the celiac plexus and its situation in relation to the left renal v. From these elements, they describe an original transplexus surgical exposure of the origins of the celiac axis and of the superior mesenteric a.

Anatomy of the seated position: methodologic approach and initial findings.

The aim of this research was an anatomic study of the seated position in order to reply, in particular, to various questions raised in certain industrial situations as to this position and the reciprocal adaptation of the human being and his seat. The methodology adopted was based on obtaining reference serial sections from an entire subject frozen in the seated position, as well as on computerised three-dimensional reconstruction. The difficulty of the undertaking led us to specify this methodology, which must be strictly adhered to.