How Can We Improve Running Events? The IPA4RE Questionnaire and Its Potential Impact on the Experience of Runners.

The benefits that a positive running experience provides to individuals have been broadly studied by the scientific community, with the finding that running sport events are a facilitating tool to attract more individuals into physical activity. This study focuses on a sport management approach to improve the quality and organizational efficiency of running sports events so that a better experience for runners can be provided. The methods of this research consist of the validation of a new questionnaire called 'The IPA4RE questionnaire'.

Prevalence, progression, and management of advanced chronic kidney disease in a cohort of people living with HIV.

Background: Advanced kidney disease is an emerging problem in people living with HIV despite sustained viral suppression.

Methods: We performed a prospective cohort study to identify people living with HIV with advanced kidney disease according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria and to assess disease progression over a 48-week period following the offer of targeted multidisciplinary management.

Results: From our cohort of 3090 individuals, 55 (1.

The New Generation of Professional Soccer Talent Is Born under the Bias of the RAE: Relative Age Effect in International Male Youth Soccer Championships.

In 2019, numerous championships of youth categories soccer national teams were held. In the present study, we analyzed the existence of the Relative Age Effect (RAE) in four major male championships that, due to their importance and participating teams, most likely brought together the great bulk of the players who will dominate professional soccer in the next decade. Participants were professional and amateur youth male soccer players who participated in the last international championships: UEFA European Under-21 Championship (2017-2019); UEFA European Under-19 Championship (2019); South American Youth Football Championship (also known as Conmebol U-20) (2019); and FIFA U-20 World Cup (2019), with 823 players (20.

Gut microbiome in hemodialysis patients treated with calcium acetate or treated with sucroferric oxyhydroxide: a pilot study.

Purpose: It has been proved that the gut microbiome is altered in patients with chronic kidney disease. This contributes to chronic inflammation and increases cardiovascular risk and mortality, especially in those undergoing hemodialysis. Phosphate binders may potentially induce changes in their microbiome.

Walkability and Fitness Center Prices, Opening Hours, and Extra Services: The Case of Madrid, Spain.

Walkability has been associated with urban development and political plans, contributing to more connected cities with improvements in communication, shopping, and pedestrian base. Among these services, fitness centers are becoming important elements for communities due to their impact on the health and welfare of citizens. The present study aims to examine how an area's Walk Score affects fitness center services, specifically membership costs, opening hours, and aquatic services.