Photodynamic Therapy: Current Trends and Potential Future Role in the Treatment of Bladder Cancer.

Bladder cancer (BC) is the 10th most common cancer in the world. The therapeutic spectrum of BC is broad and is constantly expanding. Despite the wide clinical use of photodynamic diagnosis (PTD) for BC, PDT has not been sufficiently investigated in the treatment landscape of BC.

Comparative study of virulence potential, phylogenetic origin, CRISPR- regions and drug resistance of isolates from urine and other clinical materials.

Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTI), among which the main etiological factor is uropathogenic (UPEC, ), remain an important issue for clinicians. The aim of the study was to demonstrate clear differences in the pathogenic properties of urine-derived compared to other extraintestinal clinical isolates (derived from: blood, lower respiratory tracts, sputum, reproductive tract, body fluids, perianal pus, other pus, wound, postoperative wound and other sources).

Methods: The collection of 784 isolates was collected from various materials of hospitalized patients.

VEGF Expression in Umbilical Cord MSC Depends on the Patient's Health, the Week of Pregnancy in Which the Delivery Took Place, and the Body Weight of the Newborn - Preliminary Report.

Introduction: Cells collected from Wharton's jelly are a rich source of mesenchymal stem cells. They can be easily obtained and grown using the adhesive method. They produce many types of proteins, including VEGF.

Role of Nivolumab in the Modulation of PD-1 and PD-L1 Expression in Papillary and Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma (RCC).

The expression and cellular mechanisms of programmed cell death-1 protein (PD-1) and its ligands (PD-L1 and PD-L2) in renal cancer cells are not well known. Here, we aimed to investigate the response of renal carcinoma subtypes to the immune checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab and its impact on related signaling pathways. All cell lines analyzed (clear cell (cc)RCC (Caki-1, RCC31) and papillary (p)RCC (ACHN, RCC30)) expressed PD-1 and both ccRCC cell lines, and RCC30 expressed PD-L1.

Video-Based Microsurgical Education versus Stationary Basic Microsurgical Course: A Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Study.

Background:  Repetitive training is essential for microsurgical performance. This study aimed to compare the improvement in basic microsurgical skills using two learning methods: stationary microsurgical course with tutor supervision and self-learning based on digital instructional materials. We hypothesized that video-based training provides noninferior improvement in basic microsurgical skills.