Variability of Prehospital Pain Management Protocols: A Review of Prehospital Care Protocols in the United States.

Purpose: We describe emergency medical services (EMS) protocols for pain management in the United States to elucidate systemic variability in protocols. We describe types of pain medications included in protocols, routes of administration, indications for use, standing orders for dosing, and use in pediatric patients.

Methods: We performed a review of all publicly accessible EMS protocols from the website http://www.

Generalizable and automated classification of TNM stage from pathology reports with external validation.

Cancer staging is an essential clinical attribute informing patient prognosis and clinical trial eligibility. However, it is not routinely recorded in structured electronic health records. Here, we present BB-TEN: Big Bird - TNM staging Extracted from Notes, a generalizable method for the automated classification of TNM stage directly from pathology report text.

Effect of Masking Secondary to the COVID-19 Pandemic on Functional Capacity Improvement in Cardiac Rehabilitation.

Purpose: Given the difficulty to perform exercise training wearing a mask, we examined differences in functional capacity improvement between masking during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and non-masking prior to the pandemic for patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation (CR).

Methods: Records of 660 patients who underwent and completed ≥ 18 sessions of CR in 2018 (n = 318, non-masking) and in 2022 (n = 342, masking) at an academic health system were analyzed. The primary outcome was post-CR change in functional capacity in metabolic equivalents (MET) measured by exercise stress test.

The impact of hematology electronic consultations on the management of iron deficiency.

Objectives: Delays in the evaluation and treatment of iron deficiency can lead to increased disease-related morbidity and mortality. Electronic consultation (e-consult) is a referral modality that allows providers quicker access to recommendations from a specialist based on electronic chart review. While the use of e-consult is expanding in classical hematology, gaps exist in the understanding of patient outcomes related to its use for iron deficiency.

Limited English proficiency, cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and in-hospital COVID-19 outcomes.

Objectives: Cardiovascular risk factors and history of cardiovascular disease are associated with greater morbidity and mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Limited English proficiency (LEP) has also been associated with worse outcomes in this setting, including requiring intensive care unit (ICU) level of care and in-hospital death. Whether non-English-language preference (NELP) modifies the association between cardiovascular risk factors or disease and outcomes in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 is unknown.