Changes in the Management of Common Bile Duct Stones: 1980 to Date.

Objective: To compare the results of treating patients with common bile duct (CBD) stones by endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES), surgical exploration, or a combination of ES and surgical CBD exploration (the rendezvous technique).

Methods: A narrative review of the literature.

Summary Of Data: Before 1990, 17 cohort studies indicated that ES cleared CBD stones in 92.

Trust in public health policy in the time of the COVID-19 epidemic in Israel.

The government of Israel provides universal health care through four health care organizations ("sick funds") that enjoy general public trust. In hindsight, the response of the government to the COVID-19 epidemic seems reasonable. In the first year of the epidemic, tests and vaccines were developed and other measures were taken, including social distancing, focusing on risk factors for infection and disease severity, and improving treatment.

Estimates of the lead time in screening for bladder cancer.

Some studies have suggested a survival benefit from early treatment of bladder cancer (BC). This benefit may be due in part to a "lead-time" bias (LT), i.e.

Proteinuria in hospitalised internal medicine adult patients.

Rationale: Dipstick proteinuria may be a sign of a renal disorder, false-positive or associated with acute disease, and consequently, transient in hospitalised patients.

Objective: To assess (a) the prevalence of proteinuria in hospitalised patients; (b) its association with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), findings known to cause false-positive test results and indicators of acute disease and (c) the need for follow-up after discharge.

Setting And Participants: All patients who had a dipstick urinalysis on admission to medical wards of a 400-bed regional hospital in 2018-2019.